{"id":1627,"date":"2025-09-16T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vitamed.test\/uterine-fibroids-leiomyoma\/"},"modified":"2026-09-19T17:47:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T13:47:46","slug":"uterine-fibroids-leiomyoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/uterine-fibroids-leiomyoma\/","title":{"rendered":"Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyoma)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\"UTERINE<\/figure>\n

<\/p>\n

What is Leiomyoma?<\/h2>\n

Uterine fibroid is a benign tumor composed of smooth muscle cells of the uterine body or cervix. It is non-malignant and rarely undergoes sarcomatous transformation.<\/p>\n

Etiology and Risk Factors<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Genetic predisposition<\/li>\n
  • Early menarche, late menopause<\/li>\n
  • Obesity, metabolic disorders<\/li>\n
  • Nulliparity<\/li>\n
  • Estrogen stimulation<\/li>\n
  • Chronic stress<\/li>\n
  • Endocrine disorders (e.g., thyroid disease)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Fibroids are monoclonal tumors (originating from a single mutated cell), commonly associated with MED12 gene mutations and impaired angiogenesis.<\/p>\n

    Classification (FIGO)<\/h2>\n

    Submucosal (types 0\u20132)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Type 0 \u2014 entirely within the endometrial cavity<\/li>\n
    • Type 1 \u2014 <50% intramural<\/li>\n
    • Type 2 \u2014 >50% intramural<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Intramural \/ Interstitial (types 3\u20134)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Type 3 \u2014 contacts endometrium, 100% intramural<\/li>\n
      • Type 4 \u2014 fully intramural<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Subserosal (types 5\u20137)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Type 5 \u2014 >50% intramural<\/li>\n
        • Type 6 \u2014 <50% intramural<\/li>\n
        • Type 7 \u2014 subserosal with a stalk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Type 8 \u2014<\/b> other locations unrelated to myometrium (e.g., cervical, round ligament, broad ligament)<\/p>\n

          Main Symptoms<\/h2>\n
            \n
          • Asymptomatic course \u2014 in most women, fibroids are asymptomatic, usually found incidentally by ultrasound<\/li>\n
          • Menstrual cycle disorders, more often heavy, prolonged menstruation<\/li>\n
          • Intermenstrual bloody discharge<\/li>\n
          • Lower abdominal pain<\/li>\n
          • Pain during sexual intercourse<\/li>\n
          • Dysfunction of neighboring organs:
            \no Pressure on the bladder \u2192 frequent urination
            \no Pressure on the intestines \u2192 constipation<\/li>\n
          • Infertility, pregnancy loss<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Diagnosis<\/h2>\n

            Uterine fibroid usually does not cause difficulties in diagnosis:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • The doctor may suspect the presence of nodes during a gynecological exam<\/li>\n
            • Ultrasound examination (US) \u2014 gold standard of diagnosis. Transvaginal or transabdominal probe is used<\/li>\n
            • Hysteroscopy \u2014 to diagnose submucosal nodes<\/li>\n
            • MRI \u2014 in complex cases and for surgical preparation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Leiomyoma Treatment<\/h2>\n

              Treatment is selected individually during a consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist. It depends on:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Location and size of the nodes<\/li>\n
              • Presence of symptoms<\/li>\n
              • Age of the patient<\/li>\n
              • Reproductive plans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Conservative:<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • Observation<\/li>\n
                • Medication treatment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Surgical:<\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • Myomectomy \u2014 organ-preserving operation<\/li>\n
                  • Hysterectomy \u2014 removal of the uterus<\/li>\n
                  • UAE (uterine artery embolization)<\/li>\n
                  • FUS-ablation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Complications and Prevention<\/h2>\n

                    Complications:<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • Anemia<\/li>\n
                    • Dysfunction of neighboring organs<\/li>\n
                    • Reproductive difficulties<\/li>\n
                    • Torsion of the subserosal node pedicle<\/li>\n
                    • Necrosis of the myomatous node<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Prevention:<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • Regular pelvic ultrasound<\/li>\n
                      • Hormonal background monitoring<\/li>\n
                      • Body weight control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Fibroid and Pregnancy<\/h2>\n

                        A fibroid does not always cause complications during pregnancy. Everything depends on the size and location of the nodes. Submucosal fibroids may interfere with embryo implantation and reduce conception chances. With small intramural or subserosal nodes, pregnancy often occurs spontaneously. Myomatous nodes may increase the risk of: miscarriage, preterm birth.
                        \nWith regular medical follow-up, most women successfully carry a pregnancy.<\/p>\n

                        When to See a Doctor<\/h2>\n
                          \n
                        • Heavy or irregular menstruation<\/li>\n
                        • Lower abdominal pain<\/li>\n
                        • Conception difficulties<\/li>\n
                        • Abdominal enlargement<\/li>\n
                        • Diagnosed fibroid \u2014 to clarify treatment tactics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Uterine fibroid is a benign tumor composed of smooth muscle cells of the uterine body or cervix. It is non-malignant and rarely undergoes sarcomatous transformation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1627"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6564,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1627\/revisions\/6564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}