{"id":1681,"date":"2025-11-05T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vitamed.test\/diffuse-toxic-goiter\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T11:13:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T07:13:40","slug":"diffuse-toxic-goiter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/diffuse-toxic-goiter\/","title":{"rendered":"DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITER"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Diffuse Toxic Goiter (Graves&#8217; Disease or Basedow&#8217;s Disease)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Diffuse toxic goiter <\/strong>is a systemic autoimmune disorder. It develops as a result of the formation of stimulating antibodies that continuously bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, without being regulated by the body. This leads to excessive production of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism), resulting in thyrotoxicosis with its characteristic clinical manifestations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u054e\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0561\u0571\u0587 \u0563\u0565\u0572\u0571\u2024 \u056b\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582 \u0567 \u056f\u0561\u0580\u0587\u0578\u0580 \u056a\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056f\u056b\u0576 \u057d\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0563\u057e\u0565\u056c | Thyroid Gland: Why Timely Check-up Matters\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GxrWOkk9s2g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the clinical manifestations?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Key symptoms include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tachycardia (resting heart rate up to 120\u2013130 bpm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Palpitations (patients may feel heartbeats not only in the chest but also in the head, abdomen, and limbs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weight loss despite increased appetite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nervousness and emotional instability (outbursts of aggression, chaotic and ineffective activity, tearfulness)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>General weakness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Persistent feeling of heat, even in cold environments<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excessive sweating (palms are almost always moist)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tremor (shaking of the fingers)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Endocrine orbitopathy (eye changes, often considered the &#8220;hallmark&#8221; of the disease)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What causes the disease?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The exact causes are still not fully understood. According to the most accepted theory, the development of the disease is facilitated by external factors\u2014such as severe stress\u2014on the background of a genetic predisposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who is most at risk?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Women are 10\u201315 times more likely to be affected than men. The disease mainly affects individuals aged 20 to 50 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the treatment options?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Medicatio<\/strong>n (conservative treatment) with antithyroid drugs (thyreostatics).<br>Treatment is long-term (12\u201318 months) and must be monitored by a physician. It is considered almost ineffective in the following cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thyroid volume exceeds 40 mL<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Severe thyrotoxicosis based on FT3 and FT4 levels<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recurrence of the disease after a full course of drug treatment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prolonged course of thyrotoxicosis regardless of therapy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antibodies to TSH receptors are elevated more than 10-fold<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Surgical treatment<br>3.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Radioactive iodine therapy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The latter two methods are considered radical (i.e., definitive treatment) and are used when medication is contraindicated, ineffective, or impossible. After these treatments, lifelong hormone replacement therapy is prescribed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the prognosis?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Without treatment, the prognosis is unfavorable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With treatment, the prognosis is generally favorable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the relapse rate after 12\u201318 months of medical therapy is approximately 70\u201375%.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diffuse Toxic Goiter (Graves&#8217; Disease or Basedow&#8217;s Disease) goiter is a systemic autoimmune disorder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1681"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1681\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6063,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1681\/revisions\/6063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}