{"id":1765,"date":"2026-01-16T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vitamed.test\/gout-diagnosis-and-threatment\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T13:48:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T09:48:47","slug":"gout-diagnosis-and-threatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/gout-diagnosis-and-threatment\/","title":{"rendered":"GOUT: DIAGNOSIS AND THREATMENT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- vitamed:content-featured-image:start --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"article-content-thumbnail-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/podagra.jpg\" class=\"article-content-thumbnail\" alt=\"GOUT: DIAGNOSIS AND THREATMENT\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- vitamed:content-featured-image:end --><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">What is Gout<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Gout is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels in the body. As a result, monosodium urate crystals deposit in the joints and tissues, causing inflammation, severe pain, and eventually joint deformity.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Causes and risk factors<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The main cause is hyperuricemia (persistent elevation of uric acid in the blood), which may be due to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">impaired purine metabolism,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">decreased renal excretion of uric acid,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">excessive dietary intake of purines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Risk factors:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">male sex, age over 40,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">alcohol consumption (especially beer and spirits),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">high intake of meat and seafood,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">obesity, metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">chronic kidney disease,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">genetic predisposition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Types and classification<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Acute gout &ndash; sudden attacks of severe pain, usually at night, often involving a single joint (commonly the first metatarsophalangeal joint).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Chronic gout &ndash; recurrent attacks, tophi formation, joint deformities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Atypical forms &ndash; polyarticular, subacute, asymptomatic hyperuricemia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Main symptoms<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">sudden, intense joint pain (often at night),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">swelling, redness, increased local temperature,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">restricted mobility,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">in chronic cases &ndash; tophi (deposits around joints, ear auricles),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">recurrent attacks with progressive involvement of new joints.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Diagnosis<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Clinical: typical gout attacks, presence of tophi,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Laboratory: hyperuricemia, elevated inflammatory markers,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Synovial fluid analysis: detection of monosodium urate crystals (gold standard),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Imaging: X-ray (erosions, punched-out lesions), ultrasound (&ldquo;double contour&rdquo; sign), CT if necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XirVLRJGjf4?si=vlL6AAnKZglgJ2CJ\" width=\"560\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Modern treatment methods<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>During acute attack:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">colchicine,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">short course of glucocorticoids in severe cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Intercritical (long-term therapy):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">allopurinol or febuxostat to lower uric acid levels,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">uricosuric agents (benzbromarone, probenecid) in patients with preserved renal function,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">lifestyle modification: weight reduction, alcohol abstinence, purine-restricted diet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Possible complications and prevention<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Complications: chronic gouty arthritis, joint deformities, tophi, chronic kidney disease, urate nephropathy, urolithiasis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Prevention:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">regular monitoring of uric acid levels,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">dietary restriction of purines,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">avoidance of alcohol,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">adequate hydration,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">timely treatment of hyperuricemia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\">When to see a doctor<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">at the first episode of acute joint pain,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">if attacks occur more than 1&ndash;2 times per year,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">when tophi or joint deformities appear,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">in case of kidney disease or hypertension,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">if standard painkillers are ineffective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gout is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels in the body.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1765"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6458,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1765\/revisions\/6458"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamed.production.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}